The Ten Essentials: What Every Hiker and Backpacker Needs to Pack

Why the 10 Essentials Matter

The 10 Essentials are the non-negotiable items that every hiker and backpacker should carry in their backpack. Having the Ten Essentials with you can help you be prepared for minor injuries, sudden weather changes, or unexpected delays. While the list applies to day hikes and backpacking trips, key differences exist in what you'll pack for each.

Because Nature is Unpredictable, and Preparedness Saves Lives

In September 2017, 153 hikers were trapped in the Columbia River Gorge as the Eagle Creek Fire lit up the canyon. A scenic day hike for many turned into a terrifying night of uncertainty and fear. Many had little more than water bottles and cell phones, and few had flashlights, extra food, or emergency gear.

Their survival would have depended on what they carried if they had not been led to a safe escape route. Some were cold, some ran out of food, and some had to rely on strangers who had packed wisely.

This is why we talk about the Ten Essentials.

The Ten Essentials are fundamental for anyone heading into the wild. Whether going on a casual day hike or a multi-day backpacking trip, carrying these items ensures you can handle unexpected challenges.

The Ten Essentials (and Why They Matter)

  1. Navigation (Map, Compass, GPS)

    Getting lost happens more often than you’d think. A paper map and compass (yes, even if you have a GPS) ensure you can find your way even if batteries die or the signal is lost.

  2. Headlamp (with Extra Batteries)

    After dark, the woods are an entirely different place. If you’re delayed, a headlamp allows you to see the trail, set up an emergency shelter, or signal for help.

  3. Sun Protection (Sunscreen, Sunglasses, Hat)

    Even in cooler temperatures, UV rays can be brutal at high elevations. Protecting your skin and eyes prevents burns, fatigue, and long-term damage.

  4. First Aid Kit

    Blisters, cuts, sprains—minor injuries can become severe in the backcountry. A basic first aid kit (including blister treatment and pain relievers) keeps minor issues from becoming trip-enders.

  5. Knife or Multi-Tool

    A good knife can be a lifesaver for gear repair, food prep, first aid, or cutting kindling in an emergency.

  6. Fire (Waterproof Matches, Lighter, Fire Starter)

    Starting a fire can provide warmth, cook food, and signal for help. Pack a lighter, waterproof matches, and a fire starter.

  7. Emergency Shelter (Bivy Sack, Space Blanket, Tarp)

    Even if you don’t plan to camp, carrying a lightweight emergency shelter (like a space blanket or bivy sack) can save your life if you’re stuck overnight.

  8. Extra Food

    Pack enough food for your needs + a little more. Trail mix, energy bars, or dehydrated meals can keep you fueled when plans change.

  9. Extra Water (and a Filtration System)

    Dehydration can set in fast, especially when hiking uphill or in hot conditions. Always carry extra water and a way to filter more if needed.

  10. Extra Clothes (Layers for Warmth and Protection)

    Weather changes quickly in the mountains. A rain jacket, hat, gloves, and an insulating layer can keep you warm and dry.

Key Differences Between Packing for a Day Hike vs. Backpacking

1. Shelter

  • On a day hike, your "shelter" is usually an emergency bivy or space blanket, just in case you get stuck overnight.

  • Your tent, bivy, or tarp is your home for backpacking, so it needs to be durable and suited for the conditions.

2. Food & Water

  • Day hikers can get away with packing an extra meal or two.

  • Backpackers need enough food for the entire trip and a buffer for delays. Food storage is necessary in many areas in a bear canister or Ursack.

What Else Should You Pack?

  • For Day Hikes: Trekking poles (if needed), bug spray, electrolyte tablets.

  • For Backpacking: Sleep system (sleeping bag & pad), cooking gear, bear-proof food storage, extra fuel.

Final Thoughts: Pack Smart, Stay Safe

Nature is unpredictable. Your perfect day hike could take an unexpected turn due to weather, injury, fire, or getting lost. Having these Ten Essentials gives you the confidence and security to handle the unexpected situations that come your way.

The 10 Essentials are a baseline—your actual gear list should reflect the terrain, weather, and personal needs. When in doubt, test your gear before heading out.

📌 Share this with a friend before your next adventure! Because the best way to enjoy the outdoors… is to come back safely.